Critical Frameworks for Contemporary Culture
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Pre-class blog Appadurai
As Americans, we are often (rightly so) accused of living in a bubble. We tend to also live in a Eurocentric/Western world as well. I have constantly heard that we must prepare for this "ever-increasing globalized world and economy" throughout multiple forms of media. There is no doubt that with increasing migration and movement of people due to environmental and conflict causes, areas are becoming more globalized. We have access to people, resources, and cultures more than ever before as Appadurai notes. Society is being characterized with change and movement and Appadurai is saying that there is also a lot of cultural relativity involved with this and a changing of culture in both parties (not just on one end).
Despite living in a bubble, I have also commonly heard that the United States is quite diverse and like a "melting pot of cultures." I agree that the U.S. possesses a diversity of peoples (it also leaves out a lot of people from the narrative). However, it does not necessarily contain a diversity of imagination and ideas/opinions (maybe just a lot of polarization). Touching back on Marx and Althusser's ideas on ideology being natural and permeating of everything within a culture, we have become overwhelmed by capitalism's economical and political control. In some sense, all of the "scapes" that Appadurai mentions are governed by capitalism. For example, the mediascape of the U.S. is controlled by major companies and conglomerates. Our ideoscape is then impacted by the ideas and information we receive from these sources. In addition, the idea of the Imaginary as Appadurai brings up, is tied to the idea of the (imagined) American Dream (This can also then impact immigration and influence ethnoscapes). This dream as we know, is yearned for even more by those who don't have it and not achievable or accessible to all. These are only a few examples.
Although I have slight trouble grasping some of Appadurai's opinions on globalization, the framework of five landscapes is helpful in understanding the context and implications of our globalizing world.
On my honor, I have not given nor received nor witnessed any unauthorized assistance on this work.
Renee Sang
Macherey and Locus of Control
What is most important in the work is what it does not say- Pierre
Macherey
This quote seems to intend that the
circumstances and bias surrounding media give meaning between the lines. I struggle
with this stance, Macherey is normally a critique of structuralist thought. This
text, taken literally, implies that there is some malignant all-seeing
organization of thought presiding over world affairs. What the script does not
say is the personal bias and ideas each reader brings to the page. Each
individual interprets everything under a microscope of memories, each passing
lens slightly filtering the experience. I think that Macherey is proposing the
importance behind an internal locus of control. The power of intention lies
within the individual, to hand off the small burden of cerebral stimulation is to
also donate precious independent thought.
Stance on
any given perspective is swayed not only by the idea but often the nature of said
idea’s presentation. Understanding why something was omitted gives a peek at
what might be reasoning behind a given sector of thought. Conversely it
might display errors or counter - arguments within the presenters logic.
Representing or omitting certain facts can often be used in a pathos-styles
statement: “vapes have killed 6 kids this year” while this might be true, it
offers little vantage over the entire vaping debate. This single data point is
much like peering from the side window of the Titanic; it is simple to
understand and easy to agree with but from the inside, you will never see the
vastness of the entire vessel - a simple response to the above vaping quote is:
“how many are killed by tobacco products each year?” This gives a broader
understanding of the issue and its connections/roots. As more data and
evaluation is presented, a better picture can be produced.
Barthes vs. Habermas
I am interested in language because
it wounds or seduces me.”
-Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text
-Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text
I cannot help but be reminded of a section
of What is Postmodernism by Habermas. I talked about the idea of pain as
the driving mechanism for pleasure. The Sublime Sentiment, and idea or thought
that prescribes both injury and arousal, is the essence of life. Bottling these
memories brings true meaning to life. In my previous post I settled that the
taming of pain and measuring it against
social norms brings meaning to life.
This quote by Barthes jumps track. The
sexual notion of this quote ‘wounds’ and ‘seduces’ implies an anticipation of
sorts. It seems that Roland is trying to point out the nature of man: To
dominate life yet be bound by experience. Pain nor pleasure drives each
individual to continue to rise each morning, it is the expectation of a gamble.
To discover a new planet, conquer the sky, climb a mountain, defeat the enemy
or build a media empire: It is all to simply throw yourself against the coals, to
see if what version of you is waiting at the end.
Ferdinand de Saussure: Agreeing to Disagree
“Without language, thought is a vague, uncharted nebula.”- De
Saussure
De Saussure is impressing the
importance of language in this quote. Yet without thought, language could never
have existed. During the 20th century, mediums of language like written
text, codes, and the invention of the telephone in 1876 was breathing new life
into a global industrial era. Even today many often neglect the luxuries information
systems have to offer. Each passing generation inherits an abrupt tsunami wash
of knowledge.
In this way, communication and written
arts have enlightened the world like stars among the vast expanse. Similar to
the vastness of the universe, there is a sea of referents (stars). Humans are
simply incapable of consuming this infinite amount of media that is presented
at the tap of a finger. In this way I fin that I disagree with De Saussure. While
thought may be vague and immeasurable, language is over-saturated. Ease of
access has created an equally impassable route to truth.
Lyotard Commentary
“Eclecticism is the degree zero of contemporary general culture:
one listens to reggae, watches a western, eats McDonald's food for lunch and
local cuisine for dinner, wears Paris perfume in Tokyo and 'retro' clothing in
Hong Kong; knowledge is a matter of TV games. It is easy to find a public for
eclectic works.” Jean-Francis Lyotard
I feel that Lyotard is commenting on the
effect of the global market upon socialization. He was a pioneer in the
developing Postmodern world. The Cold War in its industrialist nature, seem to
have shaped much of his disposition for ‘universality’. The introduction of the
internet software information systems presented wealthy capitalist groups with
new and uncharted ways to exploit the masses. Corporations had the novel
opportunity to organize and push subliminal metanarratives among the airwaves. He
paints a picture of technological dominance, very reminiscent of the rather new
fear of AI (Skynet). Lyotard predicted human susceptibility to the digital long
before the arrival of terrifying AI like Microsoft’s Tay or the Chinese bot XiaoIce.
Failed
AI experiments while terrifying are far less threatening to global social
wellbeing when compared to aggressive marketing. As global citizens we are
currently held far closer to whims of those that wish to push eclecticism by
the computers in our pockets.
In each individuals’ search to be just
that, individual, many fall prey to the siren song of marketing. Bombarded with
constant advertising messages, millions choose to present the life they wish
they had instead of the one they have. It is easy to select an avatar to play the
high stakes digital game, it takes for more soul-searching to confront
individual characteristics. In order to cope with the (wo)man in the mirror,
these marketing messages help us cope with the strain of increasing electronic
involvement. In this way, eclectic tastes are an easy target for
Habermas In the Rain
The sublime sentiment , which is also the sentiment of the sublime,
is, according to Kant, a strong and equivocal emotion: It carries with it both
pleasure and Pain. Better still, in it pleasure derives from pain.
-Habermas, What is Postmodernism (43)
That was a lot of commas. This really reached
out and snatched my attention, I feel a though it describes the irony of Life
itself. What is sunshine without rain or snow? Would we find pleasure in
beautiful weather if not for nasty, muddy or cold conditions? There is no
perspective on perceived good until one has experienced perceived bad. Yet all
of this perceived positive or negative is purely subjective, yet judged by
billions. Yet much of that experience or judgment seems to be driven by an
eclectic taste, generally a well-accepted social narrative. It all seems rather
arbitrary.
Is not the most erotic portion of a
sky where the clouds gape? (repurposed Barthes)
Maybe that is what makes the sublime
sentiment so innately human. People use that alleged pain or pleasure to
quantify existence: To accurately feel both, revisiting each sentiment, is to
be truly alive.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Rick's Panopticon
Foucault highlights Bentham's Panopticon, a physical and ideological control, using visibility as a weapon of discipline. Useful in times of great disorder, this mechanism is a form of constant, participatory social surveillance. Over time, control is less and less pertinent. Without any further knowledge, members of society conform to the described norms for fear of disciplinary action- assuming constant observation.
Rick and Morty: Episode two describes Rick's happy place, an entire world designed with the sole purpose for him to hang up his lab coat and relieve himself. Being a genius, Rick has designed a beautiful planet simply so that he may "poop in peace" with a beautiful landscape surrounding him. He is troubled when he finds a broken twig next to his ceramic throne; someone else has used his toilet. After tracking down the alien that defiled his realm, he tries to punish the criminal. Yet the Alien is not frightened by the threat of death, he welcomes it. Undeterred, Rick plans to humiliate his Alien trespasser by programming the toilet to portray thousands of Ricks laughing at a single seated man. Rick's antagonist dies before the mad scientist can get his last laugh. Leaving the hero hollow and alone. With no purpose, Rick sits on the armed ceramic to be ridiculed by hologram copies of himself.
Rick's investigative abilities is an imitation of the power of social surveillance. While his Panopticon toilet is protected, he is a victim of his own 'norms' in the end.
Rick and Morty: Episode two describes Rick's happy place, an entire world designed with the sole purpose for him to hang up his lab coat and relieve himself. Being a genius, Rick has designed a beautiful planet simply so that he may "poop in peace" with a beautiful landscape surrounding him. He is troubled when he finds a broken twig next to his ceramic throne; someone else has used his toilet. After tracking down the alien that defiled his realm, he tries to punish the criminal. Yet the Alien is not frightened by the threat of death, he welcomes it. Undeterred, Rick plans to humiliate his Alien trespasser by programming the toilet to portray thousands of Ricks laughing at a single seated man. Rick's antagonist dies before the mad scientist can get his last laugh. Leaving the hero hollow and alone. With no purpose, Rick sits on the armed ceramic to be ridiculed by hologram copies of himself.
Rick's investigative abilities is an imitation of the power of social surveillance. While his Panopticon toilet is protected, he is a victim of his own 'norms' in the end.
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Pre-class blog Appadurai
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